CNC boring: key process for high-precision hole machining

Principles and characteristics of precision CNC boring

Precision CNC boring is a method of machining the holes of workpieces on a boring machine using a boring tool. Unlike traditional boring, the introduction of CNC technology makes the entire processing process more accurate and efficient. In CNC boring, the boring machine accurately controls the movement trajectory of the tool through the CNC system.

The CNC system accurately directs the boring tool to move in the three coordinate axes of X, Y, and Z according to the pre-written program. This enables the boring tool to process the workpiece along a predetermined path. At the same time, CNC boring can achieve complex curved motion, and can also perform high-precision processing on some non-circular holes or inner surfaces with special contours.

During the processing process, the boring tool cuts the workpiece material in a rotating manner. Its cutting speed, feed rate and other parameters can be precisely adjusted through the CNC system. This precise control ensures machining accuracy and can control the hole diameter tolerance within a very small range. Moreover, CNC boring can effectively ensure the quality indicators of the hole such as cylindricity, straightness and surface roughness.

How CNC boring is implemented in high-precision hole processing

Tool selection and adjustment

In precision CNC boring, the selection of tools is crucial. According to different workpiece materials and processing requirements, it is necessary to select a suitable boring tool. For example, when processing metal materials with higher hardness, a carbide boring tool may be selected. The geometric parameters of the tool, such as the blade angle and blade length, are also precisely designed according to the size and shape of the hole.

Before processing, the boring tool needs to be accurately installed and adjusted. Through a special tool adjustment device, ensure that the center of the boring tool is completely coincident with the rotation center of the boring machine spindle. Even a slight deviation may cause a cylindrical error in the processed hole. At the same time, the extension length of the tool also needs to be precisely controlled, which will affect the cutting force and hole size during the processing.

CNC programming and path planning

CNC programming is the core link to achieve high-precision hole processing. Programmers need to write detailed processing programs according to the size, position and precision requirements of the holes. For the processing of multiple holes, the processing sequence should be reasonably planned to reduce the idle travel time of the tool and improve the processing efficiency.

In terms of path planning, it is necessary to consider how to make the boring tool transition smoothly when entering and exiting the hole to avoid vibration and scratches. For example, when processing some deep holes, it is necessary to adopt a suitable pecking drilling processing method, that is, the boring tool cuts in sections, and exits the hole after each cutting to a certain depth to facilitate chip removal and cooling, and then continue cutting. This method can effectively prevent chips from accumulating in the hole and ensure processing accuracy.

Error compensation and quality control

During the processing process, some errors are inevitable, such as thermal deformation of the machine tool and wear of the tool. Precision CNC boring uses error compensation technology to reduce the impact of these errors on processing accuracy. Through the sensors installed on the machine tool, the temperature, vibration and other parameters of the machine tool are monitored in real time, and the CNC system compensates and adjusts the movement of the tool based on these data.

Quality control is also a key link. After the processing is completed, high-precision measuring tools will be used to detect the size, shape and surface quality of the hole. If the deviation is found to be beyond the tolerance range, the cause will be analyzed and adjusted in time. For mass-produced parts, this quality control measure can ensure that the holes of each part can meet high-precision requirements.

Application of precision CNC boring in various industries

In the manufacturing of Parts Of A Camera, high-precision holes on components such as lens mounts are crucial for the installation and positioning of lenses. Precision CNC boring can ensure the accuracy of these holes, so that the lens has an accurate optical axis after installation, and ensure the imaging quality of the camera.

For power transmission components, such as shaft holes in gearboxes, extremely high dimensional accuracy and cylindricity are required. The high-precision holes processed by CNC boring can ensure the matching accuracy between the shaft and the hole, reduce energy loss and vibration during transmission, and improve power transmission efficiency.

Some holes in VCR Fittings, such as the mounting holes of the magnetic drum, require high-precision processing to ensure the rotation accuracy of the magnetic drum and the reading and writing accuracy of the tape. Precision CNC boring meets these strict requirements.